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7 Tips for Effective Musical Practice
The quality of your practice is much more important than the
quantity. The old saying "practice makes perfect" is only true if the
practice itself is perfect. Here are 7 tips to help make your practice
more effective and efficient.
Practice motions slowly
The muscular memory of our bodies allows us to physically carry out
patterns of motion with little or no conscious involvement. Examples of
muscular memory include walking, riding a bicycle, typing, and of course
playing a musical instrument.
In order to develop this memory, the muscles require training in the
form of repeated conscious guidance from the mind. First the mind must
learn the pattern. Then the mind must "teach" the pattern to the
muscles.
The mind initially must control all the motions of the muscles. The
more controlled and precise the motions, the more quickly the muscles
will develop muscle memory.
Slow practice also allows the mind to teach "antagonistic muscles" to
relax. Antagonistic muscles are those that move in opposite directions.
By relaxing antagonistic muscles you can reduce tension and facilitate
faster and easier performance and avoid potential injury.
Practice in small cells
A "practice cell" is simply a finite series of motions. Musical cells
can correspond to anything from a few notes to an entire work. When
practicing, it is important to practice small cells of just a few notes.
Practicing small cells limits the amount of information the muscles have
to learn at one time. It also facilitates the mind's focus and
concentration.
Link the end of one cell to the beginning of the next
To help the muscles develop a sense of continuum throughout the piece
of music, the last motion in a cell should be the first motion of the
following cell.
Practice each cell in bursts
Once the muscles have learned a pattern, they will be capable of
executing it without conscious control. Initiate the pattern through a
conscious command and allow the muscles to execute it in a burst.
Don't practice mistakes
For every repetition required to learn a pattern of motion, it takes
7 times the number of repetitions to change the pattern. If in the
course of your practice you make an error, stop. Review in your mind the
pattern. And further reduce the speed of your motions.
Pause between repetitions
When dealing with repetitive activities, the mind is better able to
focus when the repetitions are broken up by short pauses. After two or
three repetitions, pause for about 30 seconds to regain focus.
Take frequent breaks and don't "over-practice"
B.F. Skinner and other experts have found that the mind's ability to
learn drops significantly after prolonged intense concentration.
Research shows that studying too long (i.e. more than four hours) can
deplete chemicals in the brain necessary for learning. Therefore, it is
best to take frequent breaks (a 5 minute break about every 20-25
minutes) and practice no more than 4 hours consecutively.
By applying these techniques, you can dramatically improve the
quality of your practice. You'll be able to use your time more
efficiently and increase the effectiveness of your practice.
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Written by: Kevin Sinclair
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